Tentacular Club Variation in Cephalopods
Richard E. Young, Michael Vecchione, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
Richard E. Young, Michael Vecchione and Katharina M. Mangold
This page shows the range of club types and lists the characters that
distinguish these types. Not all decapodiform clubs fall into one of
the groups presented here.
This group of clubs is characterized by:
- Division of club into manus and dactylus.
- Presence of a terminal sucker pad.
- Presence of a keel.
- Presence of a carpal locking apparatus.
- Uniform distribution of suckers:
- Suckers on manus and dactylus in four longitudinal series.
- Absence of hooks.
Comments
This is the most common type of club. Note that some suckers of
fig. A (Taonius) have large teeth that approach the appearance
of hooks.
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A - Cycloteuthis serventyi from Young and Roper, 1969. B
- Ommastrephes bartramii from Young, 1972. C - Taonius
sp. from Voss, 1980. |
This group of clubs is characterized by:
- Division of club into manus and dactylus.
- Presence of a terminal sucker pad (most clearly seen on A
and D).
- Presence of a keel.
- Presence of a carpal locking apparatus (clearly seen only
on B).
- Non-uniform distribution of suckers:
- Numerous small suckers on proximal manus not in distinct
longitudinal series.
- Absence of hooks.
Comments
Club C (Architeuthis) has only a small region (see arrow)
of the proximal manus with numerous small suckers. Most of the small,
proximal suckers seen in the drawing of the club of this squid are
part of the carpal locking apparatus.
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A - Neoteuthis sp. from Young, 1972. B - Alluroteuthis
antarctica from Roper, et al., 1969. C - Architeuthis
sp. from Verrill, 1879. Brachioteuthis sp. from Chun, 1910.
|
This group of clubs is characterized by:
- No division of club into manus and dactylus.
- Absence of a terminal sucker pad.
- Absence of a keel.
- Absence of a carpal locking apparatus.
- Uniform distribution of suckers:
- Clubs A and B with suckers in four series.
- Club C with suckers in six series..
- Absence of hooks.
Comments
Club A (Asperoteuthis) has uniform suckers but they are only
on the distal half of the club; the proximal half is bare.
|
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A - Asperoteuthis sp. from Young and Roper, in press. B.
Chiroteuthis calyx from Young, 1972. C. Batoteuthis skolops
from Young and Roper, 1968. |
This group of clubs is characterized by:
- No division of club into manus and dactylus.
- Absence of a terminal sucker pad.
- Absence of a keel.
- Absence of a carpal locking apparatus.
- Non-uniform distribution of suckers:
- Numerous small suckers throughout club not in distinct
longitudinal series.
- Absence of hooks.
Comments
Club A (Mastigoteuthis) shows the oral side of the club base
(left) and the entire tentacle club viewed from the aboral side
(right). Club C (Joubiniteuthis) has two membranes at the
tip of the club but neither is a true keel.
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|
A - Mastigoteuthis pyrodes sp. from Young, 1972. B - Magnapinna
pacifica from Vecchione and Young, 1998. C - Joubiniteuthis
portieri from Young and Roper, 1969. |
This group of clubs is characterized by:
- Division of club into manus and dactylus.
- Presence of a terminal sucker pad (most clearly seen on B).
- Presence of a keel.
- Presence of a carpal locking apparatus (clearly seen only
on B).
- Non-uniform distribution of suckers:
- Suckers on manus equal to or larger than suckers on dactylus.
- Suckers not in distinct longitudinal series.
- Absence of hooks.
|
|
A - Berryteuthis anonychus from Pearch and Voss, 1963. B
- Histioteuthis heteropsis from N. Voss, 1969. |
These clubs form a heterogenous group but are united
by the presence of hooks:
- Division of club into manus and dactylus is clearly apparent
only in B. (except B)..
- Presence of a terminal sucker pad is distinct in all three.
Note that the enlargement of the tenacle tip in A shows the
distal pad in addition to four series of more proximal suckers
that represent the remnants of a dactylus.
- Presence of a keel is distinct in all three.
- Presence of a carpal locking apparatus is distinct in all
three. Note the position of the apparatus in B which is on the
dorsal side (i.e., the same side as the keel) rather than the
usual mid-proximal position.
- Non-uniform distribution of hooks/suckers is apparent in A
and B (the latter has two series of hooks proximally and four
series of suckers distally). C has a uniform distribution of
hooks (two longitudinal series) as the distal pad and the proximal
carpal suckers are not included in this character.
- Presence of hooks.
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A - Ancistrocheirus lesueuri, from Hawaiian waters, photograph of
preserved club by R. Young. B - Gonatus berryi from Young,
1972. C - Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus sp. from Young,
1972. |
This group of clubs is characterized by:
- No clear division of club into manus and dactylus.
- Presence or absence of a terminal sucker pad .
- Presence of an elongate keel that parallels the dorsal protective
membrane.
- Absence of a carpal locking apparatus.
- Non-uniform distribution of suckers:
- Suckers not in distinct longitudinal series.
- Absence of hooks.
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A - Diagramatic drawing of club of Sepia officinalis, modified
from Naef, 1921-23. B - Photograph of a preserved club of Rossia
pacifica, taken by R. Young.
|
References
Chun, C. 1910. Die Cephalopoden. Oegopsida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, "Valdivia" 1898-1899, 18: 1-522 + Atlas.
Pearcy, W. G. and G. L. Voss. 1963. A new species of gonatid squid from the Northeastern Pacific. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 76: 105-112.
Roper, C. F. E., R. E. Young and G. L. Voss (1969). An illustrated key to the families of the order Teuthoidea. Smiths. contr. zool., 13:1-32.
Vecchione, M. and R. E. Young. 1998. The Magnapinnidae, a newly discovered family of oceanic squids (Cephalopoda; Oegopsida). South African Journal of Marine Science, 20: 429-437.
Verrill, A. E. 1879. The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part I. The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and their allies; with observations on similar large species from foreign localities. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sciences, 5: 23: 177-257.
Voss, N. A. 1969. A monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic: The family Histioteuthidae. Bull. Mar. Sci., 19: 713-867.
Young, R. E. 1972. The systematics and areal distribution of pelagic cephalopods from the seas off Southern California. Smithson. Contr. Zool., 97: 1-159.
Young, R. E. and C. F. E. Roper (1968). The Batoteuthidae, a new family of squid (Cephalopoda; Oegopsida) from antarctic waters. Antarctic Res. Ser., 2: 185-202.
Young, R. E. and C. F. E. Roper (1969). A monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic: The family Joubiniteuthidae. Smithson. Contr. Zool., No. 15: 1-10.
About This Page
Richard E. Young
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C. , USA
Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls-Sur-Mer, France
Page copyright © 2001 Richard E. Young, , and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
Page: Tree of Life
Tentacular Club Variation in Cephalopods
Authored by
Richard E. Young, Michael Vecchione, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003).
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