Note

Michel Laurin Curriculum Vitae

Michel Laurin

Michel Laurin Home Page

CNRS-UMR 7207, Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements - CR2P
Case 48
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Bâtiment de Géologie, 43 rue Buffon
75005 Paris
France
Tel (+331) 40 79 34 68
Fax (+331) 40 79 37 39
E-mail: michel.laurin@upmc.fr

University Degrees

HDR (Habilitation), UFR de Biologie, Université Paris 7
Ph.D., 1994, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto
M.Sc., 1990, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto
B.Sc., 1988, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal

Thesis supervisor (M.Sc. and Ph.D.): Dr. Robert R. Reisz.

Professional memberships

Association Paléontologique Française
International Society for Phylogenetic nomenclature (President, member of the CPN)
International Society of Vertebrate Morphologists
Société Française de Systématique
Society of Systematic Biology
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology

Academic Awards

Ramsay Wright Award, 1993-1994.
Concours préuniversitaire de physique (second in the Province of Québec), 1984-1985.
Concours préuniversitaire de physique (first of my college), 1983-1984.
Concours de Mathématiques Euclide (first of my high school), 1982-1983.

Academic experience

Leader of the research team "Squelette des vertébrés", 2007-2008.
CNRS Scientist, UMR 7179, Paris, 1998- (tenured in 2000).
Research Associate, Museum of Natural History, Humboldt University, Berlin, 1997-1998.
Associate Professor, Université Paris 7, Paris, 1996-1997.
Research Associate, Museum of Paleontology, UC Berkeley, 1994-1996.

Lecturing

Paleontology: Universities Paris 6 and 7, and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1999-; occasional seminars in the Collège de France and in the École Normale Supérieure.
Comparative anatomy, Systematics, Metazoan phylogeny, Evolutionary theory, Paleontology: Université Paris 7, 1996-1998.
Major features of Vertebrate Evolution (Vertebrate Paleontology): University of Toronto, Spring 1993.

Teaching assistantships

Vertebrate Form and Function, U. of Toronto, Fall 1988-1991, 1993, summer 1991.
Vertebrate Evolution, U. of Toronto, Spring 1990, 1992.

Editorial boards

I used to review 12 to 15 papers/year, from 2002 to 2007, but as I was invited to join several editorial boards in 2007 and 2008, that number rose sharply. I performed 37 official reviews in 2008; I am currently the most often used referee on the Journal of Evolutionary Biology editorial board.

Contributions to Zoology (IF = 1.2), 2008-.
International Journal of Zoology (new), 2008-.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology (IF = 3.9), 2008-.
The Companion Volume of the PhyloCode (ISPN), 2008-.
The Open Paleontology Journal, 2007.-
Amphibia-Reptilia (IF = 0.8), 1999-2002.

Field experience

Nova Scotia: Summers 1987, 1988, 1990. Collected early vertebrates in Mississippian to Triassic localities of Burntcoat, Cap Rouge, Grand Etang, Horton Bluffs, Joggins, Parrsboro, Point Edward, and Port Hood. Extracted a Triassic archosaur near Parrsboro for the Nova Scotia Museum.
Texas and Oklahoma: Summer 1989. Collected early vertebrates in several Lower Permian localities, including the Dolese Brothers quarry near Fort Sill.
New Mexico: Summers 1986 and 1988. Collected early vertebrates in localities in Lower Permian Cutler/Abo formations and Lower Triassic Chinle formation.

Research interest

My past and current research can be divided into three themes: 1, systematic paleontology; 2, comparative evolutionary biology and paleobiology; 3, phylogenetic nomenclature. My first studies in comparative biology have just been published, but this field will constitute an increasing part of my activity. My interest in phylogenetic nomenclature developed early, but I have become actively involved in this only in the last five years or so. The common theme in my three research areas is the phylogeny: my work in systematic paleontology enables me to produce phylogenies on various taxa; comparative evolutionary biology requires the phylogeny to reveal evolutionary patterns, correlations between characters, etc.; phylogenetic nomenclature enables us to turn phylogenies into classifications.

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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

My research themes: systematic paleontology, phylogenetic nomenclature and comparative biology (often using extant taxa).

1) Systematic paleontology

Until recently, my research has focused on the anatomy and evolution of limbed vertebrates. My approach has included descriptions of key fossil taxa and the use of the new anatomical data in large-scale computer-assisted phylogenetic analyses. From these phylogenies, I extract new data on the evolution of structures (the middle ear, the vertebral centrum, etc.). The ultimate goal of this part of my research program is to document the evolution of tetrapods and establish the origin and relationships of extant tetrapods. I have tackled problems ranging from the origin of tetrapods to the origin of extant amphibians, turtles, mammals and extant diapsids. The time period on which I have worked most extensively ranges from the Upper Devonian (370 million years ago) to the Lower Triassic (220 million years ago).

My work on tetrapod evolution was undertaken to reassess the origin of amniotes (mammals and reptiles), but it has yielded unexpected results about the origin of modern amphibians. There is little consensus on the origin of anurans, urodeles, and caecilians, and the theories that have been proposed have seldom been rigorously tested. I recently proposed a well-corroborated theory on the origin of modern amphibians (Laurin, 1998a). My work suggests that all modern amphibians are part of a large group of tetrapods called lepospondyls that were thought to have become extinct over two hundred and fifty million years ago. This hypothesis suggests that the absence of a tympanum in salamanders and caecilians is not the result of degeneration (an evolutionary loss) as commonly believed. My new phylogeny offers a resolution to the long-standing problem of homology of the lissamphibian vertebral centrum. Finally, the new phylogeny that I proposed implies that the vertebrate continental (terrestrial and amphibious) fauna in the Carboniferous and the Permian was dominated by stem-tetrapods, rather than amphibians and reptiliomorphs. My new phylogeny is consistent with molecular phylogenies that show that lissamphibians are monophyletic; thus, several paleontological hypotheses that suggested a polyphyletic origin of extant amphibians among Paleozoic amphibians can be ruled out (Laurin, 2002).

In the near future, my research in this area will continue to focus on the anatomy and evolution of limbed vertebrates, from the Devonian to the present, but especially in the Upper Paleozoic. Currently, my doctoral student is studying the anatomy of nectrideans (a group of amphibians from the Carboniferous and the Permian) and is reassessing the data matrices from three recently published studies on the origin of lissamphibians. I hope that this comparison will enable us to convincingly show which theory (of at least three that are currently debated) is best supported.

Much of my current research is paleobiologically oriented and is often based on extensive studies of extant tetrapods. In contrast to previous studies, I try to use statistical methods that incorporate phylogenetic information about species. This is necessary because comparative data violates the assumption of statistical independence of the data (because closely related species tend to resemble each other more than distantly related species). Thus, in the paleobiologically-oriented projects that I now develop, I use phylogenetic eigenvector regression (PVR), independent contrasts, concentrated changes tests, and phylogenetically-weighted logistic regressions (a method that I developed in collaboration with M. Girondot).

2) Comparative evolutionary biology and paleobiology

In am currently studying the conquest of land by vertebrates using microstructural data. An extensive database of long bone cross-sections of extant tetrapods (more than 200 species) and a time-calibrated phylogeny of these taxa will form the basis of a quantitative method for inferring the lifestyle of extinct species. The phylogeny incorporating divergence times is compiled using the literature (divergence time estimates are obtained from the fossil record and molecular clock estimates). I developed (in collaboration with M. Girondot) a new mathematical model that enables quantification of the compactness profile of these sections, and a computer software (Girondot and Laurin, 2003) that extracts the parameters of the compactness profiles from images of the bone sections. Statistical analysis of these data reveals a strong ecological signal. A mathematical equation enables inference of the lifestyle of an extinct tetrapod from the compactness profile parameters of the cross-section of one of its long bones. The optimization of these inferences on a phylogeny of early tetrapods will enable me to reconstruct the history of the conquest of land by vertebrates. This project could provide valuable data on the composition of the terrestrial and freshwater communities of the Paleozoic because the habitat of many early vertebrates is uncertain. In addition, this research yields valuable data on the skeletal adaptations of various vertebrate groups to life on land and in water. For instance, a study on 46 species of extant lissamphibians (Laurin et al., 2004) shows that returns to an aquatic lifestyle in that clade is generally accompanied by an increase in femoral compactness, but that phylogenetic position and time elapsed since the change in lifestyle are also important factors. Another recent study (Germain and Laurin, 2005) shows congruent results on the radius of amniotes, but enables more precise paleobiological inference. For this project, I have already gathered data on more than 35 early tetrapods, and more than 200 species of extant tetrapods. More than the abundant new data, I will emphasize new methods, such as better ways to integrate phylogenetic information into modeling the lifestyle of extinct taxa. I am developing an inference model that will take into consideration the exact phylogenetic position of each extinct taxon for which I want to infer the lifestyle, and this method will use both topological and branch length data. I belive that such a method of modeling could be applied to many paleobiological problems; thus, I plan to publish the most innovative parts of this work in high-profile  journals such as Systematic Biology, Evolution or Paleobiology, rather than in technical paleontological or morphological journals, where the histological descriptions will be published.

3) Phylogenetic nomenclature

The foundations of Linnean nomenclature were established more than two centuries ago, when most scientists were fixists and creationists. This system is not the best for modern systematics, that is intrinsically evolutionary. It could be said that biological nomenclature has virtually not benefited from the numerous developments in phylogenetic inference that took place since  the works of Hennig. The development of phylogenetic nomenclature in the last fifteen years provides a means of bringing systematics in the realm of modern, evolutionary biology. I became interested early in this topic, and stopped using Linnean ranks more than ten years ago (Laurin, 1991). I have suggested or discussed phylogenetic definitions of several widely used names, such as Tetrapoda, Amphibia and Amniota (Laurin, 1998a, 2002), studied the advantages of apomorphy-based and crown-based definitions (Laurin and Anderson, 2004), and suggested an amendment to the Zoological code that would give it much of the nomenclatural stability of the PhyloCode (Laurin, in press). I took part in the last meeting of the PhyloCode advisory committee in the summer 2002 and suggested a few amendments to that code. I organized the First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting, that took place in Paris in July 2004 and I am currently the Secretary of the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature (Laurin and Cantino, 2004), as well as a member of the Committee for Phylogenetic Nomenclature, that is responsible for amending the PhyloCode.

Teaching interests

I was a teaching assistant in comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology courses at the University of Toronto from 1988 to 1994. As a teaching assistant, I was responsible for the entire laboratory (practical) portion of these courses. My duties included giving introductory lectures, designing and marking exercises and reports, and designing, administering, and marking laboratory tests. My position of teaching assistant allowed me to develop close relationships with students, allowing me to direct them to the services that they needed.

I was hired to lecture a vertebrate paleontology course as a sabbatical replacement in 1993. Lecturing this course was enjoyable because the experience enabled me to broaden my knowledge of vertebrate paleontology by urging me to read a considerable amount of literature on the topics covered in the course. As a lecturer, I also supervised the two teaching assistants that handled the practical portion of this course.

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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Some of my teaching slides. © Michel Laurin

Since 1996, I have taught paleontology at the Université Paris 7 and at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. My research position does not require me to do a lot of teaching, but I continue doing it to maintain contacts with students. I have also lectured other topics in that university, like comparative anatomy, systematics and metazoan phylogeny. I find teaching to be extremely stimulating and I expect to continue this activity.

Curatorial experience

My interest in museums developed early and I took a third year biology course designed to provide curatorial experience to undergraduate students. For this course, I designed an exhibit on dinosaurs in a natural history museum and I answered questions from the public about the exhibit, dinosaurs and vertebrate paleontology.

My research and teaching have taught me much about curatorial duties. I used a collection of fossil vertebrates of the Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto) to teach a course on the evolution of vertebrates, thus gaining experience on managing a teaching collection.

I also supervised groups of undergraduate students that prepared vertebrate fossils from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma and the Eocene of Wyoming. The students had to prepare and identify various vertebrate fossils for the laboratory section of a vertebrate paleontology course.

I borrowed several specimens of Paleozoic tetrapods for my research and studied the collections of several museums.

My computer skills include experience with most types of software on microcomputers and would enable me to incorporate new elements into collections databases, such as digital pictures, drawings, and diagrams.

Grants obtained


CNRN/CONICET grant for a Franco-Argentinian research project (2009–2010)
Doctoral grant from the French Ministry of Research for my student A. Canoville, (2007-2010)
European Union Systhesis grant, 3rd call (2005-2006)
European Union Systhesis grant, 2nd call (2004-2005)

Scholarships obtained

Alexander von Humboldt Fellowhship, 1997-1998
NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1994-1996
Ramsay Wright Award, 1993-1994
University of Toronto Open Fellowship, 1992-1994
Fondation Desjardins Scholarship, 1993-1994
FCAR Doctoral Scholarship, 1990-1993
NSERC Doctoral Postgraduate Scholarship, 1990-1993
NSERC Master's Postgraduate Scholarship, 1988-1990
NSERC Undergraduate Summer Research Award, 1986-1988

Abbreviations:
FCAR: Fonds Canadiens pour l'Aide à la Recherche
NSERC: National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publications (summary)

87 printed publications:

A total of 1441 published pages (abstracts and on-line papers excluded).

34 publications on the Internet.

5 computer programs and scripts

48 summaries of talks in scientific meetings.

A total of 175 publications of various kinds.

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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

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Citations of M. Laurin according to the Researcher ID service, as of August 21, 2009. Note that is incorporates only correct citations of papers directly indexed by the ISI, or about 2/3 of my citations in the ISI databases. Citations for 2009 are not complete. Follow this link for an updated version (search for Laurin, Michel).

1192 citations and a H index of 19, according to the ISI (as of August 21, 2009), if these statistics are calculated using the cited reference search by author (a regular search does not yield citations to book chapters, meeting reports, computer programs, or erroneous citations to regular research papers). 

Regular articles in refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

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Some cover pages that feature my papers. © Michel Laurin

Meeting reports in refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

Book reviews in refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

Chapters in refereed edited books (available from the author upon request)

Chapters in edited books (available from the author upon request)

Conference proceedings (available from the author upon request)

Book translations

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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Cover page of the book on Linnaeus which I translated. © 2007 Picture by Helene Schmitz.

Books

Meeting reports and announcements in non-refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

Scientific correspondence in non-refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

Reviews in non-refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

Research papers in non-refereed journals (available from the author upon request)

On-line, non-refereed publications

In Sagascience

In the Tree of Life

In the Museum of Paleontology of the University of California (UCMP)

Computer programs

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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Interface of Bone Profiler, a bilingual (English and French) program to analyze bone sections. To the left, a cross-section of a turtle femur. To the right, a dialog box enabling users to select various modeling options. © 2008 Michel Laurin

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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Interface of the Stratigraphic Tools for Mesquite. The windows to the top and left are specific to this package; the right window is from the stock version of Mesquite. © 2007 Michel Laurin

Presentations given at scientific meetings

Invited opening conference talks

Plenary talks

  • LAURIN, M.  Problems in rank-based nomenclature.  Third Meeting of International Society of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, 20–22 July, 2008 (abstract). 

Invited talks with financing

  • LAURIN, M. Le PhyloCode. Faut-il classer le vivant? Dijon, France, January 31–February 3, 2007, pp. 8–9 (abstract).
  • LAURIN, M.  The advantages of Phylogenetic Nomenclature over Linnean Nomenclature.  International Conference “Animal Names” organized by the “Instituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti”, Venice, 2–4 October, 2003 (abstract).

Invited talks without financing

  • DUBOIS, A., LAURIN, M. Les mots et les choses : exprimer la biodiversité en contexte phylogénétique. In. « Cent cinquante ans après l’Origine des espèces : du darwinisme de Darwin à l’évolutionnisme contemporain », Collège de France, Paris, 11 June 2009, p. 22 (abstract).
  • LAURIN, M., GERMAIN, D., STEYER, J.-S., VINCENT, P., and GIRONDOT, M.  L’apport des données microanatomiques sur la conquête de l’environnement terrestre par les vertébrés.  In « Biologie évolutive des organismes », Muséum  National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 9-10 December 2003.
  • LAURIN, M.  2000.  Définitions phylogénétiques en paléontologie: avantages et inconvénients.  Annual meeting of the "Société Française de Systématique", Collège de France, 17 October 2000, Paris (abstract).

Regular talks

The asterisk (*) designates the speaker, when he is not the first author.

Moderator in scientific meetings

  • LAURIN, M. Contributed papers session. Third Meeting of International Society of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, 20–22 July, 2008.
  • LAURIN, M. Paleontology I. 8th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology. Paris, France, July 16–21, 2007.
  • LAURIN, M. Paleontology III. 8th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology. Paris, France, July 16–21, 2007.
  • DE RICQLÈS, A et LAURIN, M.  Discussion générale.  In “Les tétrapodes du Paléozoïque: actualités de la recherche“, organized by A. de Ricqlès in the Collège de France, Paris, 24 May 2005.
  • LAURIN, M.  General discussion session. First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting, MNHN, Paris, 9 July 2004.

Interviews with the media

  • DELIGEORGES, S. L’arbre du vivant, Continent Sciences, France Culture, 1 September, 2008. 45-minute radio interview in a one-hour show (broadcast in all of France).
  • ANONYMOUS Grenouille - salamandre.  Science Frontières, July 2008, p. 5.
  • HAÏT, J.-F. L'arbre du vivant mieux daté.  Le journal du CNRS, November 2007, p. 8.
  • ANIORT, C. Retour vers le pays des dinosaures. La dépêche Aude, Carcassonne, May 14, 2007, p. 9.
  • GOZZO, J. Une découverte qui ne manque pas de sel.  Le journal du CNRS, Paris, 137, Mai 2001, p. 25.
  • DUROUX, S. Pourquoi avons-nous cinq doigts?  Science & Vie, Paris, no. 964, janvier 1998, pp. 60–63.
  • HUET, S. La vertèbre ne fait pas le cousin—Mise au jour d'une nouvelle généalogie des vertébrés terrestres. Libération, Paris, January 7, 1997, p. 26.
  • PEARLMAN, D.  Solving evolution puzzle at turtle's pace. San Francisco Chronicle, February 29, 1996, p. A2.
  • MORELL, V. 1996. Web-crawling up the Tree of Life. Science 273: 568–570.
  • ANONYMOUS.  Mutant turtle mystery gets new twist. The Toronto Star, Toronto, January 27, 1991, p. B8.
  • ANONYMOUS.  The reptile-mammal link.  Breakthrough in health and science, January/February 1991, pp. 67–68.
  • SUMPLEE, C.  How turtles evolved: an unorthodox new theory. The Washington Post, January 26, 1991, p. A9.
  • TAYLOR, M.  Old turtles come out of their shells. BBC Wildlife, March 1991, p. 158.
  • VAN PELT, D.  Reptilian relatives may disown the turtle. Insight, March 1991, p. 49.
  • ZIMMER, C.  Meet the relatives. Discover, January 1991, pp. 56–57.
  • GOUBLIN, M.  Cat skull link between reptiles and mammals, says U of T research team. The Newspaper, Toronto, June 6, 1990, p. 2.
  • BROWNE, M. W.  Link in evolution is reported found.  New York Times, New York, May 17, 1990, p. A14.
  • GEE, H.  The serpent link with man. Times, London, May 17, 1990, p. 35.
  • STRAUSS, S.  Fossil a link to mammals' evolution. Globe and Mail, Toronto, May 17, 1990, p. A3.

 

About This Page
I thank Katja Schultz for handling my updates promptly and for help with technical issues.

Michel Laurin
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Michel Laurin at

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