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Conifers

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California Incense Cedar
taxon links [up-->]Pinaceae [down<--]Spermatopsida Interpreting the tree
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This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.

The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.

example of a tree diagram

You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.

For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.

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Containing group: Spermatopsida

Other Names for Conifers

References

Brunsfeld, S. J., P. S. Soltis, D. E. Soltis, P. A. Gadek, C. J. Quinn, D. D. Strenge, and T. A. Ranker. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae: evidence from rbcL sequences. Systematic Botany 19: 253-262.

Chaw, S.-M., H.-M. Sung, H. Long, A. Zharkikh, and W.-H. Li. 1995. The phylogenetic position of the conifer genera Amentotaxus, Phyllocladus, and Nageia inferred from 18S rRNA sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 41: 224-230.

Hart, J. 1987. A cladistic analysis of conifers: preliminary results. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 68: 269-307.

Nixon, K. C., W. L. Crepet, D. Stevenson, and E. M. Friis. 1994. A reevaluation of seed plant phylogeny. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81: 484-533.

Page, C. N. 1990. Pinatae. Pp. 290-361 in The families and genera of vascular plants, ed. K. Kubitzki, vol. 1, Pteridophytes and gymnosperms, eds. K. U. Kramer and P. S. Green. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Price, R. A. 1995. Familial and generic classification of the conifers. American Journal of Botany 82(6 Supplement): 110.

Information on the Internet

Gymnosperm Database
Title Illustrations
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Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
California Incense Cedar
Scientific Name Calocedrus decurrens
Location Yosemite National Park, valley (Mariposa County, California, USA)
Comments California Incense Cedar
Creator Photograph by Neva Snell
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Calocedrus decurrens; California Incense Cedar
Source Collection CalPhotos
Copyright © 1999 California Academy of Sciences
Scientific Name Pinus resinosa
Location Bear, Delaware, USA
Comments Red Pine Cone (Pinus resinosa)
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Body Part Cone
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 3.0.
Copyright © Ted Kropiewnicki
Scientific Name Taxus canadensis
Location Bear, Delaware, USA
Comments Canadian Yew (Taxus canadensis)
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 3.0.
Copyright © Ted Kropiewnicki
Scientific Name Podocarpus
Location Botanical Garden, Valencia, Spain
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 2.5.
Copyright © 2005
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Citing this page:

Tree of Life Web Project. 1996. Conifers. Version 01 January 1996 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Conifers/20634/1996.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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This page is a Tree of Life Branch Page.

Each ToL branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the Tree of Life. The major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the Tree of Life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches, that is, subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

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Conifers

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