Myxozoa

References

Anderson, C. L. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the Myxozoa. Pages 341–350 in: Evolutionary Relationships among Protozoa. G. H. Coombs, K. Vickerman, M. A. Sleigh and A. Warren, eds. Chapman & Hall, London.

Anderson, C. L., E. U. Canning and B. Okamura. 1998. A triploblast origin for Myxozoa? Nature392:346.

Anderson, C. L., E. U. Canning and B. Okamura. 1999. Molecular data implicate bryozoans as hosts for PKX (Phylum Myxozoa) and identify a clade of bryozoan parasites within the Myxozoa. Parasitology 119(6):555-561.

Canning, E. U., A. Curry, S. W. Feist, M. Longshaw, and B. Okamura. 2000. A new class and order of myxozoans to accommodate parasites of bryozoans with ultrastructural observations on Tetracapsula bryosalmonae (PKX organism). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 47:456?468.

Canning, E. U. and B. Okamura. 2004. Biodiversity and evolution of the myxozoa. Advances in Parasitology 56:43-131.

Canning E. U., S. Tops, A. Curry, T. S. Wood, and B. Okamura. 2002. Ecology, development and pathogenicity of Buddenbrockia plumatellae Schröder, 1910 (Myxozoa, Malacosporea) (syn. Tetracapsula bryozoides) and establishment of Tetracapsuloides n. gen. for Tetracapsula bryosalmonae. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 49(4):280-295.

Jiménez-Guri, E., H. Philippe, B. Okamura, P. W. H. Holland. 2007. Buddenbrockia is a cnidarian worm. Science 317(5834):116-118.

Kent, M. L., K. B.Andree, J. L.Bartholomew, M.El-Matbouli, S. S.Desser, R. H.Devlin, S. W.Feist, R. P.Hedrick, R. W.Hoffmann, J.Khattra, S. L.Hallett, R. J. G.Lester, M.Longshaw, O.Palenzeula, M. E.Siddall, and C.Xiao. 2001. Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48:395-413.

Lom J. and I. Dykova. 2006. Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia Parasitologica 53(1):1-36.

Monteiro, A. S., B. Okamura, and P. W. H. Holland. 2002. Orphan worm finds a home: Buddenbrockia is a Myxozoan. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:968-971.

Okamura, B. and E. U. Canning. 2003. Orphan worms and, homeless parasites enhance bilaterian diversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(12):633-639.

Okamura, B., A. Curry, T. S. Wood and E. U. Canning. 2002. Ultrastructure of Buddenbrockia identifies it as a myxozoan and verifies the bilaterian origin of the Myxozoa. Parasitology 124:215-223.

Schlegel, M., J. Lom, A. Stechmann, D. Bernhard, D. Leipe, I. Dyková, and M. L. Sogin. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of complete small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region of Myxidium lieberkuehni: evidence that Myxozoa are Metazoa and related to the Bilateria. Archiv für Protistenkunde 147:1–9.

Siddall, M. E., D. S. Martin, D. Bridge, S. S. Desser, and D. K. Cone. 1995. The demise of a phylum of protists: phylogeny of the Myxozoa and other parasitic cnidaria. Journal of Parasitology 81:961–967.

Siddall, M. E. and M. F. Whiting. 1999. Long-branch abstractions. Cladistics 15:9–24.

Smothers, J. F., C. D. von Dohlen, L. H. Smith, Jr., and R. D. Spall. 1994. Molecular evidence that the myxozoan protists are metazoans. Science 265:1719–1721.

Xiao, C. and S. S. Desser. 2000. Cladistic analysis of myxozoan species with known alternating life-cycles. Systematic Parasitology 46:81–91.

Whipps, C. M., G. Grossel, R. D. Adlard, H. Yokoyama, M. S. Bryant, B. L. Munday, and M. L. Kent. 2004. Phylogeny of the multivalvulidae (Myxozoa : Myxosporea) based on comparative ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Journal of Parasitology 90 (3):618-622.

Zrzavy, J. 2001. The interrelationships of metazoan parasites: a review of phylum- and higher-level hypotheses from recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Folia Parasitologica 48:81-103.

Zrzavy, J. and V. Hypsa. 2003. Myxozoa, Polypodium, and the origin of the Bilateria: The phylogenetic position of "Endocnidozoa" in light of the rediscovery of Buddenbrockia. Cladistics 19(2):164-169.

Information on the Internet

• Myxozoan Network. A network for scientists involved with myxozoan research.
• When is a worm not a worm? When it's a jellyfish. University of Oxford press release about Jiménez-Guri et al. 2007.