Note

Choneteuthis tongaensis: Description continued

Chung Cheng Lu and Richard E. Young

Characteristics

  1. Arms
    1. Ridges present along aboral midline of arms I, III and IV but indistinct on arms II in both sexes.
    2. Arm suckers globular with smooth inner rings.
      1. Males
        1. Arm formula: 2.3.1.4. 
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

          Figure. Two views of the arm crown of the male C. tongaensis showing sucker sizes (compare with the photograph on the species page). Photograph by C. C. Lu.

      1. Females
        1. Arm formula: 2.3.4.1.

  2. Web
    1. Males
      1. Web formula: D>A=E>C=B.
      2. Deepest web (sector D) 27-29% of longest arm; webs A, E 10% of longest arm and webs C,B 5-8% of longest arm.
    1. Females
      1. Web formula: D>C>B=A>E.
      2. Deepest web (sector D) 38% of longest arm, web C 26%, web B, A 14% and web E about 7% of longest arm.

  3. Tentacles
    1. Protective membranes well developed.  
    2. Tentacular stalk circular in cross-section proximal to club.
    3. Stalk more slender than arms.
    4. Club suckers with fine triangular teeth around entire margin of inner ring.

  4. Head
    1. Each eye large, with cornea and secondary ventral eyelid.
    2. Eye pore absent.
    3. Olfactory organ not found.
      1. Upper beak
        1. Rostrum pointed, slightly curved rostrum.
        2. Lateral wall damaged, presence of depression unknown.
        3.  Jaw angle nearly 90°. Cutting edge of shoulder irregular.
        4. Crest wide, slightly curved.
        5. Entire beak, except the margin, brown;rostrum and upper part of shoulder black; margin clear.
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

          Figure. Lateral view of the upper beak of C. tongaensis. Photograph from Lu and Boucher-Rodoni (2006).

      2. Lower beak
        1. Rostrum with slightly curved, irregular, sharp, thick edge.
        2. Acute jaw angle.
        3. Shoulder with large tooth. Anterior edge of shoulder irregular.
        4. Wings widely spread.
        5. Hood notch absent.
        6. Crest slightly curved.
        7. Indentation at posterior edge of lateral
          wall shallow.
        8. Entire beak, except the margin, brown; rostrum and anterior part of shoulder blackish brown, rostral tip black; margin clear.
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

          Figure. Two views of the lower beak of C. tongaensis. Left - Oblique side view. Right - Frontal-ventral view. Photographs from Lu and Boucher-Rodoni (2006).

      3. Radula
        1. Radula homodont with seven, approximately equal teeth without accessory cusps, in a transverse row.
        2. Marginal plates absent.
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
          Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

          Figure. View of the radula of C. tongaensis. Photograph from Lu and Boucher-Rodoni (2006).

  5. Funnel
    1. Lateral funnel adductors present.
    2. Funnel organ with two, long, slender ventral pads located anterior to dorsal organ; dorsal organ triangular with thick medial ridge in anterior half terminating in a long, slender papilla at organ anterior apex.
    3. Funnel valve triangular is shape.
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure. Funnel organ of C. tongaensis. Left - Dissection paratype 1 showing both ventral organs adjacent to one another at the midline. Right - Diagram showing the arrangement and shape of the organs. Photograph and drawing from Lu and Boucher-Rodoni (2006).

  6. Fins
    1. Large, ear-shaped (free anterior and posterior lobes); attached obliquely relatively to dorsal mantle midline.
    2. Anterior tip of fins 26-27% of ML from anterior mantle margin; posterior tip 9-23% of ML from posterior mantle margin.

  7. Pigmentation
    1. Alcohol preserved specimen brown; dark chocolate brown chromatophores scattered over brown-colored background.
    2. Dorsal mantle surface lighter than ventral surface.

  8. Gladius
    1. Gladius rudimentary: thin, narrow gladius on anterior half of mantle only.

  9. Viscera
    1. Gills with 25-26 lamellae per demibranch, plus a terminal lamella.
    2. Median mantle septum present with ventral mantle adductor at anterior end. Mantle adductor passes lateral to rectum just beyond photophore pores.
    3. Anal flaps large.
    4. Ink sac large.

  10. Measurements and counts
      Holotype Paratype 1 Paratype 2
    Sex Female Male Female
    Maturity  Mature
    Probably mature
    Subadult
    Dorsal mantle length  33.8
    Head only
    24.3
    Ventral mantle length
    29
    -
    24
    Head length
    18
    17
    13
    Head width  18
    20
    14
    Nuchal commissure width
    14
    13
    11
    Mantle width
    23
    -
    17
    Eye diameter  12  11
    11
    Funnel length
    23
    19
    15
    Funnel width
    12
    9
    9
    Free funnel length
    17
    16
    12
    Fin length
    20
    -
    10
    Fin width
    12
    -
    10
    Length, Arm I
    35  27
    15
    Length, Arm II
    41  30
    18
    Length, Arm III 
    41  30
    18
    Length, Arm IV 
    25
    22
    17
    Arm formula
    2=3.1.4.
    2=3.1.4
    2.3.4.1
    Web sector A
    3
    2.4
    Web sector B 
    2.2
    2.3
    2.6
    Web sector C 
    3.5
    2.3
    4.6
    Web sector D 
    11
    9
    7
    Web sector E
    4.3
    3.2
    1.2
    Largest sucker diam., arm I
    1.6  1.6
    0.6
    Largest sucker diam., arm II
    2.7
    4.3
    0.8
    Largest sucker diam., arm III
    3.9
    3.1
    0.7
    Largest sucker diam., arm IV
    1.2
    0.9
    0.5
    Tentacle length
    -
    45
    -
    Club length
    -
    13
    -

Comments

The above description with the exception of a few photographs is taken from Lu and Boucher-Rodoni (2006).

References

Lu, C. C. and R. Boucher-Rodoni. 2006. A new genus and species of sepiolid squid from the waters around Tonga in the central South Pacific (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae). Zootaxa, 1310:37-51.

About This Page


National Chung Hsing University Taiwan


University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

All Rights Reserved.

close box

This page is a note that is attached to a leaf of the Tree of Life.

ToL notes provide brief accounts of characteristics, short summaries, commentaries, media files, taxonomic information, or identification tools for a given group of organisms.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

close box

Choneteuthis tongaensis

Page Content

articles & notes

collections

people

Explore Other Groups

random page

  go to the Tree of Life home page
top