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Troctomorpha

Parasitic lice and book lice

Emilie Bess, Vince Smith, and Kevin P. Johnson
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taxon links [up-->]Phthiraptera [up-->]Electrentomidae [up-->]Amphientomidae [up-->]Protroctopsocidae [up-->]Sphaeropsocidae [up-->]Liposcelididae [up-->]Musapsocidae [up-->]Pachytroctidae [up-->]Compsocidae [up-->]Troctopsocidae Monophyly Uncertain[down<--]Psocodea Interpreting the tree
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Containing group: Psocodea

Introduction

Suborder Troctomorpha comprises 49 families of bark lice, book lice, and parasitic lice in the infraorders Amphientometae and Nanopsocetae.

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

Molecular analysis supports to the placement of the parasitic lice (Phthiraptera) in suborder Troctomorpha, along with the bark lice and book lice families traditionally included in Troctomorpha.  Phthiraptera is placed in infraorder Nanopsocetae (18S nDNA, Johnson et al. 2004).  Molecular studies of bark lice (excluding Phthiraptera) support the monophyly of Troctomorpha and the infraorders Nanopsocetae and Amphientometae (18S rDNA, and 12S, 16S, COI rDNA, Johnson and Mockford 2003; 18S rDNA, histone3 nDNA, and 16S mtDNA Yoshizawa et al. 2006).

References

Johnson, K. P. & E. L. Mockford. 2003. Molecular Systematics of Psocomorpha (Psocoptera). Systematic Entomology 28: 409-40.

Johnson, K. P., K. Yoshizawa, and V. S. Smith. 2004. Multiple origins of parasitism in lice. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 271:1771-1776.

Lienhard, C. and C.N. Smithers. 2002. Psocoptera (Insecta) World Catalogue and Bibliography. Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland.

Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Gainesville, Florida: Sandhill Crane Press.

Smithers, C.N. 1972. The classification and phylogeny of the Psocoptera. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 14: 1–349.

Yoshizawa, K. and K.P. Johnson. 2006. Morphology of male genitalia in lice and their relatives and phylogentic implications. Systematic Entomology 31: 350-361.

Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
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Scientific Name Liposcelis bostrychophila
Location Urbana, Illinois
Specimen Condition Dead Specimen
Identified By E. Mockford
Sex Female
Life Cycle Stage adult
Body Part head
View anterior/lateral
Size 2mm body length
Copyright © 2006 Emilie Bess
Scientific Name Echinophthirius horridus
Specimen Condition Dead Specimen
Identified By V. S. Smith
Life Cycle Stage nymph, 2nd stage
Copyright © British Museum of Natural History, London
Scientific Name Damalinia crenelata
Comments Parasite of Damaliscus dorcus
Specimen Condition Dead Specimen
Life Cycle Stage adult
Copyright © British Museum of Natural History, London
Scientific Name Stimulopalpus japonicus
Location Harvard, Ma.
Comments 10/4/2008
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Life Cycle Stage adult
View dorsal
Copyright © Tom Murray
About This Page

Emilie Bess
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA


The Natural History Museum

Kevin P. Johnson
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Emilie Bess at , Vince Smith at , and Kevin P. Johnson at

All Rights Reserved.

Citing this page:

Bess, Emilie, Vince Smith, and Kevin P. Johnson. 2009. Troctomorpha. Parasitic lice and book lice. Version 25 March 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Troctomorpha/30257/2009.03.25 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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