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Homo

Humans

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Containing group: Hominidae

Other Names for Homo

References

Bermudez de Castro, J.M., J. Arsuaga, E. Carbonell, A. Rosas, I. Martinez, and M. Mosquera. 1997. A hominid from the lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans. Science 276:1392-1395.

Brown, P., T. Sutikna, M. J. Morwood, R. P. Soejono, Jatmiko, E. Wayhu Saptomo, and Rokus Awe Due. 2004. A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 431:1055-1061.

Caramelli, D., C. Lalueza-Fox, C. Vernesi, M. Lari, A. Casoli, F. Mallegni, B. Chiarelli, I. Dupanloup, J. Bertranpetit, G. Barbujani,and G. Bertorelle. 2003. Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100(11):6593-6597.

Duarte, C., J. Maurício, P. B. Pettitt, P. Souto, E. Trinkaus, H. van der Plicht, and J. Zilhão. 1999. The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 96:7604-7609.

Harvati, K., S. R. Frost, and K. P. McNulty. 2004. Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: Implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101(5):1147-1152.

Kahn P. and A. Gibbons. 1997. DNA from an extinct human. Science 277:176-178.

Key, C. A. 2000. The evolution of human life history. World Archaeology 31:329-350.

Krings, M., A. Stone, R. W. Schmitz, , H. Krainitzki, M. Stoneking, and S. Päabo. 1997. Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell 90:19-30.

Krings, M., H. Geisert, R. W. Schmitz, H. Krainitzki, and S. Päabo. 1999. DNA sequence of the mitochondrial hypervariable region II from the Neandertal type specimen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 96:5581-5585.

Lieberman, D. E., B. A. Wood, and D. R. Pilbeam. 1996. Homoplasy and early Homo: An analysis of the evolutionary relationships of H. habilis sensu stricto and H. rudolfensis. Journal of Human Evolution 30:97-120.

Morwood, M. J., R. P. Soejono, R. G. Roberts, T. Sutikna, C. S. M. Turney, K. E. Westaway, W. J. Rink, J.-X. Zhao, G. D. van den Bergh, Rokus Awe Due, D. R. Hobbs, M. W. Moore, M. I. Bird, and L. K. Fifield. 2004. Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia. Nature 431:1087-1091.

Ovchinnikov, I. V., A. Gotherstrom, G. P. Romanova, V. M. Kharitonov, K. Liden, and W. Goodwin. 2000. Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus. Nature 404:490-493.

Schillaci, M. A. and J. W. Froehlich. 2001. Nonhuman primate hybridization and the taxonomic status of Neanderthals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 115(2):157-166.

Schwartz, J. H. and I. Tattersall. 2002. The Human Fossil Record. Volume 1: Terminology and Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Europe). Wiley, New York. 400 pp.

Spoor, F. , M. G. Leakey, P. N. Gathogo, F. H. Brown, S. C. Antón, I. McDougall, C. Kiarie, F. K. Manthi, and L. N. Leakey. 2007. Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature 448:688-691.

Swisher, C. C., W. J. Rink, S. C. Anton, H. P. Schwartz, G. H. Curtis, A. Suprijo, Widiasmoro. 1996. Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in southeast Asia. Science 274:1870-1874.

Tattersall, I. 1995. The Last Neanderthal: The Rise, Success, and Mysterious Extinction of Our Closest Human Relatives. Macmillan, New York.

Tattersall, I. And J. H. Schwartz. 1999. Hominids and hybrids: The place of Neanderthals in human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 96:7117-7119.

Wood, B. and M. Collard. 1999. Anthropology - The human genus. Science 284:65-71.

Wood, B. and M. Collard. 1999. The changing face of genus Homo. Evolutionary Anthropology 8:195-207.

Information on the Internet

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Homo ergaster
Location American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
Specimen Condition Model
Source NYC - AMNH: Spitzer Hall of Human Origins - Homo Ergaster
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 Wally Gobetz
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Page: Tree of Life Homo. Humans. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Tree of Life Web Project. 1999. Homo. Humans. Version 01 January 1999 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Homo/16418/1999.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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