Note

Salientia References

References

Angel, F. 1931. Contribution à l'étude de la faune de Madagascar: Reptilia et Batrachia. Faune des Colonies Françaises 4:495-557.

Arnold, E. N., J. A. Burton, and D. W. Ovenden. 1978. A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London.

Báez, A. M. 1981. Redescription and relationships of Saltenia ibanezi, a Late Cretaceous pipid frog from northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 18(3-4):127-154.

Báez, A. M., and N. G. Basso. DATE The earliest known frogs of the Jurassic of South America: review and cladistic appraisal of their relationships.

Bell, B. D. 1978. Observations on the ecology and reproduction of the New Zealand leiopelmid frogs. Herpetologica 34:340-354.

Blommers-Schlösser, R. M. A. 1975. Observations on the larval development of some Malagasy frogs, with notes on their ecology and biology (Anura: Dyscophinae, Scaphiophryninae, and Cophylinae). Beaufortia 24:7-26.

Blommers-Schlösser, R. M. A. 1979. Biosystematics of the Malagasy frogs. I. Mantellinae (Ranidae). Beaufortia 29:1-77.

Brown, G. B., Y. H. Kim, H. Kuntzel, H. S. Mosher, G. J. Fuhrman, and F. A. Fuhrman. 1977. Chemistry and pharmacology of skin toxins from the frog Atelopus zeteki (atelopidtoxin; zetekitoxin). Toxicon 15:115-128.

Cannatella, D. C. 1985. A phylogeny of primitive frogs (archaeobatrachians). Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Kansas, Lawrence.

Cannatella, D. C. 1989. On the monophyly of discoglossoid frogs. Pp. 230-231 In H. Splechtna and H. Hilgers (Eds.), Trends in Vertebrate Morphology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Cannatella, D. C., and D. M. Hillis. 1993. Amphibian phylogeny: phylogenetic analysis of morphology and molecules. Herpetol. Monogr. 7:1-7.

Cannatella, D. C., and R. O. de Sa. 1993. Xenopus laevis as a model organism. Syst. Biol. 42(4):476-507.

Cannatella, D. C., and L. Trueb. 1988a. Evolution of pipoid frogs: Intergeneric relationships of the aquatic frog family Pipidae (Anura). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 94:1-38.

Cannatella, D. C., and L. Trueb. 1988b. Evolution of pipoid frogs: morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudhymenochirus. J. Herpetol. 22:439-456.

Channing, A. 1989. A re-evaluation of the phylogeny of Old World treefrogs. South Afr. J. Sci. 24:116-131.

Clarke, B. T. 1987. A description of the skeletal morphology of Barbourula (Anura: Discoglossidae), with comments on its relationships. J. Nat. Hist. 21:879-891.

Crocroft, R. B., and K. Hambler. 1989. Observations on a commensal relationship of the microhylid frog Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata and the burrowing theraphosid spider Xenesthis immanis in southeastern Peru. Biotropica 21(1):2-8.

Daugherty, C. H., and L. R. Maxson. 1982. A biochemical assessment of the evolution of myobatrachine frogs. Herpetologica 38:341-348.

de Queiroz, K., and J. Gauthier. 1992. Phylogenetic taxonomy. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:449-80.

de Sá, R. O., and D. M. Hillis. 1990. Phylogenetic relationships of the pipid frogs Xenopus and Silurana: an integration of ribosomal DNA and morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 7(4):365-376.

Drewes, R. C., and B. Roth. 1981. Snail-eating frogs from the Ethiopian highlands: A new anuran specialization. Zoological J. Linnean Society 73:267-287.

Drewes, R. C. 1984. A phylogenetic analysis of the Hyperoliidae (Anura): Treefrogs of Africa, Madagascar, and the Seychelles Islands. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. (139):1-70.

Dubois, A. 1981. Liste des genres et sous-genres nominaux de Ranoidea (Amphibiens Anoures) du monde, avec identification de leurs espèces-types: conséquences nomenclaturales. Monit. Zool. Ital. 15:225-284.

Dubois, A. 1983. Classification et nomenclature supragénérique des amphibiens anoures. Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon 52:270-276.

Dubois, A. 1984. La nomenclature supragénérique des amphibiens anoures. Mémoires Museum Nat. d'Histoire Naturelle, Ser.A 131:1-64.

Dubois, A. 1986. Miscellanea taxinomica [sic] batrachologica (I). Alytes 5:7-95.

Duellman, W. E. 1975. On the classification of frogs. Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas (42):1-15.

Duellman, W. E., and L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.

Dunlap, D. G. 1960. The comparative myology of the pelvic appendage in the Salientia. J. Morph. 106:1-76.

Estes, R. 1970. New fossil pelobatid frogs and a review of the genus Eopelobates. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 139(6):293-340.

Estes, R. 1977. Relationships of the South African fossil frog Eoxenopoides reuningi (Anura, Pipidae). 73(2):49-80.

Estes, R., and O. A. Reig. 1973. The early fossil record of frogs: a review of the evidence. Pp. 11-63 In J. L. Vial (Ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

Estes, R., Z. V. Spinar, and E. Nevo. 1978. Early Cretaceous pipid tadpoles from Israel (Amphibia: Anura). Herpetologica 34(4):374-393.

Estes, R., and B. Sanchiz. 1982. New discoglossid and palaeobatrachid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from the Lance and Hell Creek Formations. J. Vert. Paleo. 2(1):9-20.

Farris, J. S., A. G. Kluge, and M. F. Mickevich. 1982. Phylogenetic analysis, the monothetic group method, and myobatrachid frogs. Syst. Zool. 31:317-327.

Ford, L. S. 1988. Phylogenetic hypotheses as indicators of functional or structural complexes. Amer. Zool. 28:37a.

Ford, L. S. 1989a. Phylogenetic assessment of the anuran pectoral girdle. Ann. Soc. Roy. Zool. Belg. 119 (Suppl. 1):101-102.

Ford, L. S. 1989b. The phylogenetic position of poison-dart frogs (Dendrobatidae): reassessment of the neobatrachian phylogeny with commentary on complex character systems. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

Ford, L. S. 1993. The phylogenetic position of the dart-poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) among anurans: an examination of the competing hypotheses and their characters. Ecol. Ethol. Evol. 5:xx-xx.

Ford, L. S., and D. C. Cannatella. 1993. The major clades of frogs. Herp. Monogr. 7:94-117.

Frost, D. R. (Ed.) 1985. Amphibian Species of the World. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas.

Frost, D. R., and R. Etheridge. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas (81):1-65.

Gans, C., and T. S. Parsons. 1966. On the origin of the jumping mechanism in frogs. Evolution 20(1):92-99.

Gauthier, J., K. de Queiroz, and R. Estes. 1988. A phylogenetic analysis of Lepidosauromorpha. Pp. 15-98 In R. Estes and G. Pregill (Eds.), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford.

Graybeal, A., and K. de Queiroz. 1992. Inguinal amplexus in Bufo fastidiosus, with comments on the systematics of bufonid frogs. J. Herpetol. 26:84-87.

Graybeal, A., and D. C. Cannatella. 1995. A new taxon of Bufonidae from Peru, with descriptions of two new species and a review of the phylogenetic status of supraspecific bufonid taxa. Herpetologica 51(2):105-131.

Green, D. M., and D. C. Cannatella. 1993. Phylogenetic significance of the amphicoelous frogs, Ascaphidae and Leiopelmatidae. Ecol. Ethol. Evol. 5:233-245.

Green, D. M., T. F. Sharbel, R. A. Hitchmough, and C. H. Daugherty. 1989. Genetic variation on the genus Leiopelma and relationships to other primitive frogs. Zeit. Zool. Systematik u. Evolutionsforschung 27:65-79.

Griffiths, I. 1954. On the "otic element" in Amphibia Salientia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 124:35-50.

Griffiths, I. 1959a. The phylogenetic status of the Sooglossinae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2:626-640.

Griffiths, I. 1959b. The phylogeny of Sminthillus limbatus and the status of the Brachycephalidae (Amphibia Salientia). Proc. Zool. Soc. London 132:457-487.

Griffiths, I. 1963. The phylogeny of the Salientia. Biological Reviews 38:241-292.

Halliday, T. R., and K. Adler (Eds.). 1987. The Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. Equinox, Oxford.

Hay, J. M., I. Ruvinsky, S. B. Hedges, and L. R. Maxson. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of amphibian families inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12(5):928-937.

Hedges, S. B., K. D. Moberg, and L. R. Maxson. 1990. Tetrapod phylogeny inferred from 18s and 28s ribosomal RNA sequences and a review of the evidence for amniote relationships. Mol. Biol. Evol. 7:607-633.

Hedges, S. B. and L. R. Maxson. 1993. A molecular perspective on lissamphibian phylogeny. Herpetol. Monogr. 7:27-42.

Hemmer, H., and J. A. Alcover. 1984. Historia Biologica del Ferreret (Life History of the Mallorcan Midwife Toad). Editorial Moll, Mallorca.

Henrici, A. C. 1991. Chelomophrynus bayi (Amphibia, Anura, Rhinophrynidae), a new genus and species from the Middle Eocene of Wyoming: Ontogeny and relationships. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60:97-144.

Heyer, W. R., and D. S. Liem. 1976. Analysis of the intergeneric relationships of the Australian frog family Myobatrachidae. Smiths. Contrib. Zool. 233:1-29.

Hillis, D. M., and S. K. Davis. 1987. Evolution of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene in anurans: regions of variability and their phylogenetic implications. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:117-125.

Hillis, D. M., L. K. Ammerman, M. T. Dixon, and R. O. de Sá. 1993. Ribosomal DNA and the phylogeny of frogs. Herpetol. Monogr. 7:118-131.

Holman, J. A. 1963. A new rhinophrynid frog from the early Oligocene of Canada. Copeia 1963(4):706-708.

Hoogmoed, M. S. 1969. Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam II.--On the occurrence of Allophryne ruthveni Gaige (Amphibia, Salientia, Hylidae) in Surinam. Zoologische Mededelingen 44(5):75-81.

Horton, P. 1982. Diversity and systematic significance of anuran tongue musculature. Copeia 1982:595-602.

Howes, G. B., and A. M. Davies. 1888. Observations upon the morphology and genesis of supernumerary phalanges, with especial reference to those of the Amphibia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1888:495-511.

Inger, R. F. 1967. The development of a phylogeny of frogs. Evolution 21:369-384.

Izecksohn, E. 1971. Núvo gênero e nova espécie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac. (280):1-12.

Kluge, A. G. 1966. A new pelobatine frog from the lower Miocene of South Dakota with a discussion of the evolution of the Scaphiopus-Spea complex. Contr. Sci., L. A. Co. Nat. Hist. Mus. (113):1-26.

Kluge, A. G. 1989. Metacladistics. Cladistics 5:291-294.

Kluge, A. G., and J. S. Farris. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Syst. Zool. 18:1-32.

Lanza, B., J. M. Cei, and E. G. Crespo. 1976. Further immunological evidence for the validity of the family Bombinidae (Amphibia, Salientia). Monit. Zool. Ital. (NS) 10:311-314.

Laurent, R. F. 1979. Esquisse d'une phylogenèse des anoures. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 104:397-422.

Laurent, R. F. 1986. Sous classe des lissamphibiens. Systématique. Pp. 594-797 In P.-P. Grassé and M. Delsol (Eds.), Traité de Zoologie, Tome 14, 1B. Masson, Paris.

Liem, S. S. 1970. The morphology, systematics, and evolution of the Old World Treefrogs (Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae). Fieldiana Zoology 57:1-145.

Lynch, J. D. 1971. Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas (53):531-238.

Lynch, J. D. 1973. The transition from archaic to advanced frogs. Pp. In J. L. Vial (Ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

Lynch, J. D. 1978. A re-assessment of the telmatobiine leptodactylid frogs of Patagonia. Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas (72):1-57.

Lynch, J. D., and H. L. Freeman. 1966. Systematic status of a South American frog, Allophryne ruthveni Gaige. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 17:493-502.

Maxson, L. 1992. Tempo and pattern in anuran speciation and phylogeny: an albumin perspective. Pp. 41-57. In K. Adler (Ed.), Herpetology: Current Research on the Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford (Ohio).

Maxson, L. R., and C. H. Daugherty. 1980. Evolutionary relationships of the monotypic toad family Rhinophrynidae: a biochemical perspective. Herpetologica 36:275-280.

McDiarmid, R. W. 1971. Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus, and Oreophrynella. Sci. Bull. Los. Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12:1-66.

Milner, A. R. 1988. The relationships and origin of living amphibians. Pp. 59-102 In M. J. Benton (Ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Milner, A. R. 1993. The Paleozoic relatives of lissamphibians. Herpetol. Monogr. 7:8-27

Myers, C. W., J. W. Daly, and B. Malkin. 1978. A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Embera Indians of western Colombia, with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 161(2):307-366.

Myers, C. W., and J. W. Daly. 1983. Dart-poison frogs. Sci. Am. 248:120-133.

Myers, C. W., and L. S. Ford. 1986. On Atopophrynus, a recently described frog wrongly assigned to the Dendrobatidae. Amer. Mus. Novitates (2843):1-15.

Myers, C. W., O. A. Paolillo, and J. W. Daly. 1991. Discovery of a defensively malodorous and nocturnal frog in the family Dendrobatidae: phylogenetic significance of a new genus and species from the Venezuelan Andes. Amer. Mus. Novitates (3002):1-33.

Nevo, E. 1968. Pipid frogs from the early Cretaceous of Israel and pipid evolution. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 136(8):255-318.

Nicholls, G. C. 1916. The structure of the vertebral column in the Anura Phaneroglossa and its importance as a basis of classification. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 128:80-92.

Nishikawa, K. C., and D. C. Cannatella. 1991. Kinematics of prey capture in the Tailed Frog, Ascaphus truei (Anura: Ascaphidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 103(3):289-307.

Nishikawa, K. C., and G. Roth. 1991. The mechanism of tongue protraction during prey capture in the frog Discoglossus pictus. J. Exp. Biol. 159:217-234.

Noble, G. K. 1922. The phylogeny of the Salientia. I. The osteology and the thigh musculature; their bearing on classfication and phylogeny. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 46:1-87.

Noble, G. K. 1926. The pectoral girdle of the brachycephalid frogs. Amer. Mus. Novitates (230):1-14.

Noble, G. K. 1931. The Biology of the Amphibia. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Nussbaum, R. A. 1980. Phylogenetic implications of amplectant behavior in sooglossid frogs. Herpetologica 36:1-5.

Nussbaum, R. A. 1982. Heterotopic bones in the hindlimbs of frogs of the families Pipidae, Ranidae, and Sooglossidae. Herpetologica 38:312-320.

Orton, G. 1943. The tadpole of Rhinophrynus dorsalis. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (472):1-7.

Orton, G. 1953. The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Syst. Zool. 2:63-75.

Orton, G. 1957. The bearing of larval evolution on some problems in frog classification. Syst. Zool. 6:79-86.

Parker, H. W. 1934. A monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae. British Museum, London.

Patterson, C., and D. E. Rosen. 1977. Review of ichthyodectiform and other Mesozoic teleost fishes and the theory and practice of classifying fossils. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 158:81-172.

Peters, J. A. 1964. Dictionary of Herpetology. Hafner Publishing Co., New York.

Pusey, H. K. 1943. On the head of the liopelmid frog, Ascaphus truei. I. The chondrocranium, jaws, arches, and muscles of a partly grown larva. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 84:106-185.

Rage, J.-C., and Z. Rocek. 1989. Redescription of Triadobatrachus massinoti (Piveteau, 1936) an anuran amphibian from the early Triassic. Palaeontographica Abt. A 206(1-3):1-16.

Regal, P. J., and C. Gans. 1976. Functional aspects of the evolution of frog tongues. Evolution 30:718-734.

Reig, O. A. 1958. Proposiciones para una nueva macrosistematica de los anuros. Nota preliminar. Physis 21:109-118.

Reinbach, W. 1939. ºber das Os supratemporale von Pelobates fuscus. Morphol. Jahrbuch 84:169-186.

Robb, J. 1980. New Zealand amphibians and reptiles in color. Collins, Aukland.

Rocek, Z. 1981. Cranial anatomy of frogs of the family Pelobatidae Stannius, 1856, with outlines of their phylogeny and systematics. Acta Univ. Carolinae Biol. 1980:1-164.

Roessler, M. K. P., H. M. Smith, and D. Chiszar. 1990. Bidder's organ: a bufonid by-product of the evolutionary loss of hyperfecundity. Amphibia-Reptilia 11:225-235.

Ruiz-C., P. M., and J. I. Hernández-C. 1976. Osornophryne, genero nuevo de anfibios bufonidos de Colombia y Ecuador. Caldasia 11:93-148.

Ruiz-Carranza, P. M., and J. D. Lynch. 1991. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I. Propuesta de una nueva clasificaci÷n genÚrica. Lozania (57):1-32.

Sage, R. D., E. M. Prager, and D. B. Wake. 1982. A Cretaceous divergence time between pelobatid frogs (Pelobates and Scaphiopus): immunological studies of serum albumin. J. Zool., London 198:481-494.

Saint-Aubain, M. L. de 1981. Amphibian limb ontogeny and its bearing on the phylogeny of the group. Zeit. Zool. Systematik u. Evolutionsforschung 19:175-194.

Sanchiz, F. B. 1978. Nuevos restos f÷siles de la familia Pelodytidae (Amphibia, Anura). Estudios Geol. 34:9-27.

Savage, J. M. 1973. The geographic distribution of frogs: patterns and predictions. Pp. 351-445 In J. L. Vial (Ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

Seiffert, J. 1972. Ein VorlÉufer der Froschfamilien Palaeobatrachidae und Ranidae im Grenzbereich Jura-Kreide. Neues Jahrb. Geol. PalÉont. Monatshefte 1972:120-131.

Silverstone, P. A. 1975. A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Dendrobates Wagler. Science Bulletin, L.A. Cty. Nat. Hist. Mus. (21):1-55.

Silverstone, P. A. 1976. A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (Family Dendrobatidae). Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Sci. Bull. 27:1-53.

Slabbert, G. K., and W. A. Maree. 1945. The cranial morphology of the Discoglossidae and its bearing upon the phylogeny of the primitive Anura. Ann. Univ. Stellen. 23a:91-97.

Sokol, O. M. 1975. The phylogeny of anuran larvae: a new look. Copeia 1975:1-24.

Sokol, O. M. 1977a. A subordinal classification of frogs (Amphibia: Anura). J. Zool., London 182:505-508.

Sokol, O. M. 1977b. The free swimming Pipa larvae, with a review of pipid larvae and pipid phylogeny (Anura: Pipidae). J. Morph. 154:357-426.

Sokol, O. M. 1981. The larval chondrocranium of Pelodytes punctatus, with a review of tadpole chondrocrania. J. Morph. 169:161-183.

Spinar, Z. V. 1972. Tertiary frogs from central Europe. W. Junk, The Hague.

Spinar, Z. V., and M. Hodrov½. 1985. New knowledge of the genus Indobatrachus (Anura) from the Lower Eocene of India. Amphibia-Reptilia 6:363-376.

Starrett, P. H. 1968. The phylogenetic significance of the jaw musculature in anuran amphibians. PhD. Dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Starrett, P. H. 1973. Evolutionary patterns in larval morphology. Pp. 251-271. In J. L. Vial (Ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

Stephenson, E. M. T. 1951. The anatomy of the head of the New Zealand frog, Leiopelma. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 27:255-305.

Stephenson, N. G. 1955. On the development of the frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 124:785-795.

Trewavas, E. 1933. The hyoid and larynx of the Anura. Trans. Royal Phil. Soc. London 222:401-527.

Trueb, L. 1970. Evolutionary relationships of casque-headed tree frogs with co-ossified skulls. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 18(7):547-716.

Trueb, L. 1973. Bones, frogs, and evolution. Pp. In (Eds.), In: Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems (J.L. Vlal, ed.), pp. 65-132. Univ. of Missouri Press, Columbia.

Trueb, L. 1983. Feeding specializations of the Mexican burrowing toad, Rhinophynus dorsalis (Anura: Rhinophrynidae). J. Zool., Lond. 199:189-208.

Trueb, L. 1985. A summary of osteocranial development in anurans with notes on the sequence of cranial ossification in Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura: Pipoidea: Rhinophrynidae). South Afr. J. Sci. 81(4):181-185.

Trueb, L. 1993. Patterns of cranial diversity among the Lissamphibia. Pp. 255-343 In J. Hanken and B. Hall (Eds.) The Vertebrate Skull. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Trueb, L., and D. C. Cannatella. 1982. The cranial osteology and hyolaryngeal apparatus of Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura:Rhinophrynidae) with comparisons to Recent pipid frogs. J. Morph. 171(1):11-40.

Trueb, L., and R. Cloutier. 1991. A phylogenetic investigation of the inter- and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). Pp. 233-313. In H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb (Eds.), Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

Trueb, L., and J. Hanken. 1992. Skeletal development in Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae). J. Morph. 214:1-41.

Tyler, M. J. 1971. The occurrence of the musculus cutaneous pectoris in the Anura. Herpetologica 27:150-152.

Tyler, M. J. 1985. Phylogenetic significance of the superficial mandibular musculature and vocal sac structure of sooglossid frogs. Herpetologica 41:173-176.

Villa, J., and D. S. Townsend. 1983. Viable frog eggs eaten by phorid fly larvae. J. Herpetol. 17:278-281.

Walls, J. G. 1994. Jewels of the Rainforest--Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.

Wassersug, R. J. 1974. Evolution of anuran life cycles. Science 185:377-378.

Wassersug, R. J. 1984. The Pseudohemisus tadpole: a morphological link between microhylid (Orton type 2) and ranoid (Orton type 4) larvae. Herpetologica 40:138-149.

Wassersug, R. J. 1989. What, if anything is a microhylid (Orton type II) tadpole? Pp. 534-538 In H. Splechtna and H. Hilgers (Eds.), Trends in Vertebrate Morphology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Weygoldt, P. 1987. Evolution of parental care in dart poison frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatidae). Zeit. Zool. Systematik u. Evolutionsforschung 25:51-67.

Worthy, T. H. 1987. Osteology of Leiopelma (Amphibia: Leiopelmatidae) and descriptions of three new subfossil Leiopelma species. J. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 17(3):201-251.

Zweifel, R. G. 1956. Two pelobatid frogs from the Tertiary of North America and their relationships to fossil and recent forms. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1762:1-45.

testing

About This Page

Page: Tree of Life Salientia References The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

close box

This page is a note that is attached to a branch of the Tree of Life.

ToL notes provide brief accounts of characteristics, short summaries, commentaries, media files, taxonomic information, or identification tools for a given group of organisms.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

close box

Salientia

Page Content

articles & notes

Treehouses

collections

people

Explore Other Groups

random page

  go to the Tree of Life home page
top