Under Construction

Danaus Kluk 1780

Monarchs and Queens

Andrew V. Z. Brower
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taxon links [up-->]Danaus petilia [up-->]Danaus melanippus [up-->]Danaus gilippus [up-->]Danaus genutia [up-->]Danaus plexippus [up-->]Danaus chrysippus [up-->]Danaus erippus [up-->]Danaus eresimus Monophyly UncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertain[down<--]Danaini Interpreting the tree
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The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.

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Containing group: Danaini

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

The cladogram is based on morphological characters as published by Ackery and Vane-Wright (1984). There is some suggestion of polyphyly in D. chrysippus implied by molecular data - see Lushai et al. (2005a, b).

Other Names for Danaus Kluk 1780

References

Ackery PR, and Vane-Wright RI. 1984. Milkweed butterflies. British Museum (Natural History), London.

Brower, L. P., Oberhauser, K., Boppre, M., Brower, A. V. Z. & Vane-Wright, R. I. 2007. Monarch sex: ancient rites, or recent wrongs? Antenna 31:12-18.

Lushai G, Allen JA, Goulson D, MacLean N, and Smith DAS. 2005. The butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) in East Africa comprises polyphyletic, sympatric lineages that are, despite behavioral isolation, driven to hybridization by female-biased sex ratios. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 86: 117-131.

Lushai G, Zalucki MP, Smith DAS, Goulson D, and Daniels G. 2005. The lesser wanderer butterfly, Danaus petilia (Stoll 1790) stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Danainae), reinstated as a species. Australian Journal of Entomology 44: 6-14.

Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Scientific Name Danaus chrysippus
Location Taiwan
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Female
Source IMG_3728_ajs1
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2005 leemt2
Scientific Name Danaus plexippus
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Female
Source 2006 09:27 monarch 05
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Gale
Scientific Name Danaus gilippus
Location Gruene, Texas, USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source flickr
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Karen Stannard
About This Page


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Danaus Kluk 1780. Monarchs and Queens. Authored by Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2009. Danaus Kluk 1780. Monarchs and Queens. Version 21 April 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Danaus/70714/2009.04.21 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

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