Filicopsida
Ferns
Kathleen M. Pryer and Alan R. Smith
This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.
You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.
For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.
close boxReferences
Pryer, K.M., A.R. Smith, and J.E. Skog. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of extant ferns based on evidence from morphology and rbcL sequences. Amer. Fern J. 85: 205-282.
Smith, A.R. 1995. Non-molecular phylogenetic hypotheses for ferns. Amer. Fern J. 85: 104-122.
Taylor, T.N. and E.L. Taylor. 1993. The biology and evolution of fossil plants. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Information on the Internet
- American Fern Society
- Azolla Page
- Non-flowering Plant Family Pictures by Dr. Gerald Carr
- Pteridophyte Field Botany Course at Texas A&M
Title Illustrations
From left to right:
- Young leaf (crozier) of the tree fern Cyathea, copyright © 1997, Alan R. Smith.
- Close view of the stem of Psilotum nudum, showing immature sporangia, copyright © 1997, Brian R. Speer.
- Cheiroglossa palmata, a tropical fern growing on tree bark, copyright © 1997, Alan R. Smith.
- The royal fern Osmunda regalis in Julia Child's yard in Massachusetts, USA, copyright © 1997, Nan Crystal Arens.
| Copyright | © 1997 |
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| Copyright | © 1997 Brian R. Speer |
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| Copyright | © 1997 |
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| Copyright | © 1997 Nan Crystal Arens |
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About This Page
We are grateful to Brian R. Speer (Dept. of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley); for his patient technical assistance.
Kathleen M. Pryer
Department of Biology
Duke University
Box 90338
Durham, NC 27708
USA
University Herbarium, University of California,
1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465,
Berkeley, CA 94720-2465
Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Kathleen M. Pryer at
Page copyright © 1997 Kathleen M. Pryer
Citing this page:
Pryer, Kathleen M. and Smith, Alan R. 1997. Filicopsida. Ferns. Version 01 January 1997 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Filicopsida/20615/1997.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
