Lycaena
Heodes , Chysoptera , Chrysophanus , Lycia , Migonitis , Tharsalea , Chalceria , Epidemia , Gaiedes , Loweia , Rumicia , Thersamonia , Palaeoloweia , Palaeochrysophanus , Thersamolycaena , Helleia , Disparia , Palaeochrysophanus , Rapsidia , Antipodolycaena , Hyllolycaena , Hermelycaena , Boldenaria , the Coppers
Andrew V. Z. Brower
- Lycaena phlaeas group
- Lycaena cupreus (the Lustrous Copper)
- Lycaena kiyokoae
- Lycaena phlaeas (the Small Copper)
- Lycaena sichuanica
- Lycaena dispar group
- Lycaena aeolus
- Lycaena dabrerai
- Lycaena dispar (the Large Copper)
- Lycaena kasyapa
- Lycaena pavana
- Lycaena splendens
- Lycaena standfussi
- Lycaena violacea
- Lycaena helle group
- Lycaena helle (the Violet Copper)
- Lycaena irmae
- Lycaena li
- Lycaena ouang
- Lycaena pang
- Lycaena svenhedini
- Lycaena tseng
- Lycaena virgaurae group
- Lycaena alciphron
- Lycaena bleusei
- Lycaena ottomanus
- Lycaena tityrus
- Lycaena virgaurae
- Lycaena hippothoe group
- Lycaena candens
- Lycaena hippothoe
- Lycaena thersamon group
- Lycaena aditya
- Lycaena alaica
- Lycaena alpherakii
- Lycaena asabinus
- Lycaena eberti
- Lycaena lampon
- Lycaena lamponides
- Lycaena ochimus
- Lycaena phoebus
- Lycaena solskyi
- Lycaena thersamon (the Lesser Fiery Copper)
- Lycaena thetis
- Lycaena orus group
- Lycaena clarki
- Lycaena orus
- Lycaena dione group
- Lycaena dione (the Gray Copper)
- Lycaena editha
- Lycaena gorgon
- Lycaena xanthoides (the Great Copper)
- Lycaena arota (the Tailed Copper)
- Lycaena hermes
- Lycaena rubidus group
- Lycaena rubidus (the Ruddy Copper)
- Lycaena heteronea
- Lycaena hyllus (the Bronze Copper)
- Lycaena epixanthe group
- Lycaena epixanthe (the Bog Copper)
- Lycaena dorcas
- Lycaena dospassosi
- Lycaena helloides
- Lycaena nivalis (the Lilac-bordered Copper)
- Lycaena mariposa
- New Zealand Lycaena group
- Lycaena boldenarum
- Lycaena feredayi
- Lycaena rauparaha
- Lycaena salustius
Introduction
A holarctic genus, with the exception of four species occurring in New Zealand and two in South Africa (orus group). Generic names have been proposed for most of the species groups and also for individual species that do not fit into the species groups, but these are all viewed as synonyms by most modern researchers.
Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
Species groups as identified here for the Palearctic species are those of Bozano & Weidenhoffer (2001), while the Nearctic groups are based on various now synonymized genera described by Scudder and others. The group is in need of a phylogenetic analysis.
References
Bozano, G. C. & Weidenhofer, Z. 2001 Guide to the butterflies of the Palearctic Region. Lycaenidae part I: Subfamily Lycaeninae. Guide to the butterflies of the Palearctic Region. Milan: Omnes Artes.
Lamas, G. 2004. Lycaeninae. pp. 137-138 in Lamas, G. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea - Papiionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.
Title Illustrations
| Scientific Name | Lycaena virgaureae ssp. montanus |
|---|---|
| Location | Zinal Süd, Swiss Alps, Switzerland |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | Dukatenfalter, Lycaena virgaureae ssp. montanus |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| ToL Image Use |
 This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
|
| Copyright | © 2006 Adriano Spiccia |
| Scientific Name | Lycaena phlaeas |
|---|---|
| Location | Iwate, Japan |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | Small Copper on Purple |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| ToL Image Use |
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
|
| Copyright | © 2007 Bruce the Moose |
About This Page
Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Andrew V. Z. Brower at
Page copyright © 2008
Page: Tree of Life
Lycaena . Heodes , Chysoptera , Chrysophanus , Lycia , Migonitis , Tharsalea , Chalceria , Epidemia , Gaiedes , Loweia , Rumicia , Thersamonia , Palaeoloweia , Palaeochrysophanus , Thersamolycaena , Helleia , Disparia , Palaeochrysophanus , Rapsidia , Antipodolycaena , Hyllolycaena , Hermelycaena , Boldenaria , the Coppers.
Authored by
Andrew V. Z. Brower.
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- First online 29 April 2008
- Content changed 29 April 2008
Citing this page:
Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2008. Lycaena . Heodes , Chysoptera , Chrysophanus , Lycia , Migonitis , Tharsalea , Chalceria , Epidemia , Gaiedes , Loweia , Rumicia , Thersamonia , Palaeoloweia , Palaeochrysophanus , Thersamolycaena , Helleia , Disparia , Palaeochrysophanus , Rapsidia , Antipodolycaena , Hyllolycaena , Hermelycaena , Boldenaria , the Coppers. Version 29 April 2008 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Lycaena/111507/2008.04.29 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
