Limenitis
Basilarchia
Andrew V. Z. Brower![taxon links](http://tolweb.org/tolarchive/70371/20061115/Public/treeImages/Limenitis.gif%3Fx=-150445309)
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This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.
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close boxIntroduction
A holarctic genus which includes four North American species and a number of Eurasian species, the taxonomy of which may be somewhat oversplit given the high degree of hybridization and intraspecific variation exhibited among the North American representatives.
Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
The above phylogenetic hypothesis is based on the combined mtDNA + Ef-1 alpha sequence-based phylogenetic analysis of Mullen (2006). The two genes in Mullen's data support alternate positions for L. populi (mtDNA places it at the base of the North American clade), suggesting that the reciprocal monophyly of Old and New World groups implied here is not stable.
Nomenclature and synonymy
Basilarchia is the name used by some authors for the North American species. These represent a distinct clade relative to the Palearctic Limenitis (Mullen 2006), but may render the Old World remainder paraphyletic.
References
Mullen SP. 2006. Wing pattern evolution and the origins of mimicry among North American admiral butterflies (Nymphalidae: Limenitis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 747-758.
Tuzov VK, Bogdanov PV, Devyatkin AL, Kaabak LV, Korolev VA, Murzin VS, Samodurov GD, and Tarasov EA. 1997. Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Pensoft, Sofia.
Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name | Limenitis archippus |
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Location | N. Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA |
Acknowledgements |
The copyright owner has released this image under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Creative Commons license. source: Vivid Beauty |
Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
Copyright | © 2006 Marty DeAngelo |
Scientific Name | Limenitis arthemis astyanax |
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Acknowledgements |
This image is
licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Creative Commons License. source: flickr: A Red-spotted Purple |
Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
Copyright | © 2006 Jack Goldfarb |
Scientific Name | Limenitis lorquini |
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Location | Nutmeg Trail (Par Course), Brooktrails near Willits, California, USA |
Acknowledgements |
This image is
licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Creative Commons License. source: flickr: Lorquin's Admiral |
Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
Copyright | © 2006 Larry |
About This Page
Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Andrew V. Z. Brower at
Page copyright © 2006
- First online 07 November 2006
- Content changed 15 November 2006
Citing this page:
Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2006. Limenitis http://tolweb.org/Limenitis/70371/2006.11.15 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
. Basilarchia . Version 15 November 2006 (under construction).